ECDH (Elliptic Curve Diffie-Hellman) is a key agreement protocol that allows two parties to establish a shared secret key over an insecure communication channel. It is a variant of the original Diffie-Hellman key exchange protocol, which was developed in the 1970s.

In ECDH, two parties, Alice and Bob, each have a public and private key. Alice and Bob exchange their public keys over an insecure communication channel, and then use these keys and their own private keys to compute a shared secret key. This shared key can then be used to securely encrypt and decrypt messages between Alice and Bob.

The security of ECDH is based on the difficulty of the elliptic curve discrete logarithm problem (ECDLP). Given an elliptic curve and a point on the curve, it is computationally infeasible to determine the private key that corresponds to the public key. This makes ECDH an effective method for secure communication, as it allows two parties to establish a shared secret without having to share a secret key beforehand.

ECDH is used in a variety of applications, including secure data transmission and digital signatures. It is particularly well-suited for use in resource-constrained environments, such as on mobile devices, due to its relatively low computational overhead.

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